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Description:
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In the conditions of the globalization of high-tech production, which had led to diversified sourcing of many important industrial components, statistical evaluations of the volume of trade in high-tech goods, specifically the export, can be misleading (in terms correlation with real local innovative and technological potential). At the same time, though traditional statistics of international trade in high-tech products and does not give all the necessary data about value chains, but, nevertheless, it can shed light on on territorial location of high-tech production and its changes under the influence of global processes on the one hand and on the other – to identify failures of the policy, which often leads to negative consequences. This work seeks to deepen understanding on the economic dimensions of high-tech activity, as well as to statistical estimates of International trade flows of high-tech goods (on the example of the EU). Results of research show the growing trade deficit EU high-tech trade: according to the results of 2021 – €6,8 billion (before the outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19, a trade surplus amounted €17,4 billion). Such a negative trend is based on the growing of trade deficit with China (of electronics-telecommunications and computers and office machines); also has seen stable (over a 10-year period among) growth in imports of high- tech pharmacy. The global COVID-19 pandemic, which caused supply disruption blockages and shortage of many intermediate goods (including inputs to EU high-tech industry), showed, that with globalization and offshoring, as well as the active policies of the governments third countries, the external trade dependency developed, which can be called “component dependency”. It is shown basing on the example of the pharmaceutical industry, that the new EU strategic documents adopted in response to the COVID-19 crisis, the programmes of EU Member States and investment business-projects of European companies laid the groundwork for the elimination of the industry’s vulnerabilities and for capacity-building for production and export of Europe’s high-tech industry. The author substantiates that the development of new statistical systems of monitoring and analysis of production and international trade in high-tech must be considered as a common undertaking of statisticians and political decision-makers, since the latter its use to guide their choices of policy tools. Statistics on Trade in Value Added, proposed not so long ago by OECD, does more meaningful measures of local inputs in global advanced technology sector, but measuring trade in value added relates to industries’ activity rather than to products, as in conventional trade statistics. Therefore, this approach it is advisable to to use in addition to traditional statistics of international trade in high-tech goods. |